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瑞银 UBS 2026年2月碳酸锂研报《Global Lithium Market: Third Supercycle Underway》重点摘要。且行且观察🧐
Global Lithium Market: Third Supercycle Underway
全球锂市场:第三次超级周期已启动
1. Executive Summary 执行摘要
We are upgrading our lithium price forecasts materially, driven by:
A structural deficit emerging in 2026 that we expect to persist through 2028;
Faster-than-expected energy storage demand growth;
Slower-than-expected new supply ramp-up;
Low industry inventories and limited spare capacity.
We now forecast China battery-grade lithium carbonate at RMB170,000/t in 2026,
up 26% from prior, RMB200,000/t in 2027, and RMB180,000/t in 2028.
We raise our 2026e lithium carbonate CIF price to $26,000/t from $16,500/t.
Lithium is entering its third major cycle, driven by structural fundamentals
rather than short-term sentiment. We see this cycle as more durable.
我们大幅上调锂价预测,核心驱动:
1)2026年将出现结构性短缺,并预计持续至2028年;
2)储能需求增速超预期;
3)新增供给爬坡慢于预期;
4)行业库存低位、闲置产能有限。
我们最新预测:
中国电池级碳酸锂:2026年 17万元/吨(上调26%)
2027年 20万元/吨
2028年 18万元/吨
国际碳酸锂CIF价:从16,500美元/吨上调至26,000美元/吨。
锂正进入第三次大周期,由结构性基本面驱动,而非短期情绪,持续性更强。
2. Market Outlook 市场展望
2.1 Demand 需求
Global lithium demand in 2026e reaches 1.94Mt LCE, +14% YoY.
EV demand: +28% YoY, but growth is moderating.
BESS / Energy storage: +67% YoY to 490kt LCE, accounting for 25% of total demand.
This is the key upside driver for lithium in 2026–2028.
2026年全球锂需求 194万吨LCE,同比+14%:
电动车需求:同比+28%,增速放缓;
储能(BESS):同比+67%至49万吨LCE,占总需求25%;
储能成为2026–2028年锂需求最核心上行动力。
2.2 Supply 供给
Global lithium supply in 2026e reaches 1.74Mt LCE, +14% YoY.
We see only 230kt of new supply materializing in 2026,
versus market consensus of 300–400kt.
Key constraints:
Project delays in hard rock and brine
Permitting and construction bottlenecks
Ramp-up curves slower than modeled
2026年全球锂供给 174万吨LCE,同比+14%。我们预计2026年实际新增供给仅23万吨LCE,远低于市场共识的30–40万吨。
核心约束:
硬岩锂、盐湖项目延期;
审批、建设瓶颈;
产能爬坡慢于模型预期。
2.3 Balance 供需平衡
2026e: Demand 1.94Mt LCE vs Supply 1.74Mt LCE→ Deficit of ~200kt LCE.
This deficit will support prices through 2028,as inventory is already low and spare capacity is limited.
2026年供需平衡:
需求194万吨LCE vs 供给174万吨LCE
→ 缺口约20万吨LCE。
叠加行业库存低位、闲置产能有限,
这一缺口将持续支撑锂价至2028年。
3. Price Forecast 价格预测
3.1 China Domestic Lithium Carbonate 中国国内碳酸锂(含税)
2026e: RMB 170,000/t
2027e: RMB 200,000/t
2028e: RMB 180,000/t
3.2 International CIF Price 国际CIF价
Lithium carbonate CIF 2026e: $26,000/t
We see asymmetric upside risk to prices
on further supply delays or stronger storage demand.
中国电池级碳酸锂(含税):
2026年:17万元/吨
2027年:20万元/吨
2028年:18万元/吨
国际碳酸锂CIF价:
2026年:26,000美元/吨
若供给进一步延期、储能需求更强,
锂价仍存在非对称上行风险。
4. Investment Implications 投资启示
We prefer:
Low-cost, long-life brine assets
Integrated producers with resource self-sufficiency
Companies levered to energy storage growth
Key China lithium names:
Ganfeng Lithium: Target price upgraded
Tianqi Lithium: Maintained
Salt Lake Industry: Target price upgraded
Risks to our view:
Faster new supply
Weaker EV or storage demand
Policy changes or inventory destocking
我们偏好:
低成本、长寿命盐湖资产;
资源自给率高的一体化企业;
受益于储能高增长的公司。
重点覆盖中国锂企业:
赣锋锂业:上调目标价
天齐锂业:维持评级
盐湖股份:上调目标价
风险因素:
新增供给超预期提速;
电动车/储能需求弱于预期;
政策变动、行业去库。
5. Conclusion 结论
Lithium is entering a third structural supercycle,driven by persistent deficits,strong energy storage demand,and constrained supply growth.We are bullish on lithium prices
and prefer high-quality, low-cost producers.
结论:
锂市场正进入第三次结构性超级周期,由持续供需缺口、强劲储能需求、供给增长受限共同驱动。
我们对锂价持乐观态度,
优先看好优质、低成本锂资源企业。